Underreamer.



No. 820,101. PATENTED MAY 8, 1906` E, DOUBLE.

UNDERREAMER.

APPLIGATION FILED 11111.25, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

EDWARD DOUBLE, or Los anennns, CALIFORNIA. unnenfaeaiaea.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 8, 1906.

Application led March 25, 1905. Serial No. 251,981.

Z'o a/ZZ whom it may concern: y

- Be it known that I, EDWARD DOUBLE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los An eles, inthe county of Los Angeles, State of alifornia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Underreamers, of which the following isa speciiication.

This invention relates to underreamers for reaming out well-holes under casing either in drilling oil-wells orArtesian wells, and has for its principal object the provision of a device which shall be of eXtreme simplicity, maximum strength, and exceedingl positive and eflicient in operation and in w ch all possibility of losing the reaming-bits in the hole is obviated.

The invention consists, broadly, in an underreamer characterized by having one oi the reaming bits or aws pivoted in the lower end of the mandrel and to the body of the mandrel and adapted to swing outward beyond the periphery of the mandrel when eX- panded and to close within the periphery of the mandrel when contracted, but held from longitudinal movement with respect to the mandrel, and a second reaming bit or jaw tiltingly mounted on a spring-actuated rod carried within the mandrel, the second jaw or bit adapted to longitudinal movement with 3o respect to the mandrel, both bits provided 4.o` bit or jaw slidably connected with said manwith shoulders or surfaces on their inner faces, which upon longitudinal movement of said second jaw cause the expansion or contraction of the j aws or bits in the mandrel.

The invention consists, further, of an underreamer having a mandrel provided with a i aw pivoted in its lower end and held from lon `tudinal movement relative tothe mandre and having a-A second spring-actuated drel, the expansion or contraction of the bits or jaws being eiicctliated by the contact of the inner surfaces of the jaws and not dependent upon any tilting surface on the mandrel.

The invention will be more readily understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an underreamer embodying my invention,`

5o the reaming-bits being shown in expanded position. Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the longitudinally -movable bit partially drawn down and in one oi' the positions it assumes in collapsing. Fig. 3 is a similar view 5 5 showing the reaming-bits collapsed and within the well-casing. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view on 'the line X4 X4 of Fig. l. cross-sectional view on the line X5 X5 of Fig. 1. Fi 6 is a perspective view oi" the longitudina ly-movable bit. Fig. 7 is a perspective view ofthe pivoted bit. Fig. 8 is a fragmental detail oi the spring-actuated rod,` showing the Wing thereon for engaging in the longitudinally-movable bit or jaw. Fig. 9 is a ira mental longitudinal sectional view showing t e abutments or shoulders at the mouths of the sideslots oi' the slotted extension of the mandrel. Y

In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 ofthe drawings, A represents a well-casing. and 2 the mandrel of my underreamer, the 'upper end of which mandrel is provided with a stem of the ordinary form or construction for connecting with the sub but as this connection is the usual screwthreaded connection I have not shown the same in the drawings. The mandrel 2 has the usual central bore, the upper portion 3 oi which is enlarged'to form ashoulder' 4 as a seat for thecoil-spring 5 ofthe spring actuated rod 6. This spring 5 is coiled about the rod 6, and one end bears on the shoulder or seat 4-the other against a head 7 on the rod 6. The lower end of the Fig. 5 is a' mandrel 2 is in .the form of a hollow slotted extension open at the bottom and forming a chamber into which the bits or jaws collapse. This extension is best shownin Fig. 9.

8 indicates the pivoted jaw or bit, ivoted in one of the side slots of the slotte eXten-. sion 9 by a pin 10 passing through the walls lof the mandrel and through the bit, This pivoted jaw 8 is thus held from longitudinal movement with respect to the body oii'the mandrel, but is free to tilt in and out of the side slot of the slotted extension 9.

The spring-actuated rod 6 has a wing or pro'ection 11 adapted to engage in a seat 12 in t thus supported upon the rod 6 and movable lon 'tudinally of themandrel and of the pivote jaw 8.

i The jaws 8 and 13 are both provided withV shoulders 14, which extend the length of the Shanks of the aws. .These shoulders 14 are adapted to bear against shoulders 15, formed within the chamber of. the slotted extension 9 and.v at the sides of the side slots thereof. By these means the bits or jaws 8v and 13 are held against lateral displacement, the construction and arrangement of the shoulders 14 and 15 bein such as to permit the proper expansion of tb e jaw or bit 13, the jaw or bit 13 .being I IOO TTO

e bits into working position Yposition of 1g. 1,'w'h1c faces 17 19, respectively, ofthe bits 8 and ends of the Shanks of by which the bits are exp-landed and ed to contact with the end the well-casing the well-casing, the shoulders 23 of the bit 1.3

and to cause the shoulder 14 to bear on the shoulder 15 when the bits are expanded to such working position. The shoulders 15, while made of considerable width to secure the requisite strength, are located on the oposite walls of the mouths of the slots and orm abutments against which the shoulders 14 of the bits contact or abut when in explanded position. These shoulders 15 thus old the bits or jaws from being torn out laterally from the mandrel.

The inner face of the shank of the jaw 8 is cut away, as at 16, to permit the proper play ofthe rod 6, and the inner face of the jaw 8 is also provided 4with a contacting shoulder or abutment 17, which has a straight portion or face 17 `and an undercut portion 17 for the pur ose hereinafter set forth. e bit 13 is provided with cut-away portion 18, through which the rod 6 passes, and is also provided' with a contacting abut-V ment 19, having a straight inner face 19' and a slanting portion 19, terminating in the face 20.

rlhe jaws or bits 8 and 13 are provided with shoulders 21, adapted to contact with the ends of the slotted portion on the mandrel, so that'the shock or impact of the blow in underreaming is divided between the ends of the slotted portion of the mandrel and the abutments 22, formed at the upper ends of the side slots of the slotted portion 9. As the abutments 22 are inwardl inclined and the 'upper edges or ends of t e vbits are correspondingly inclined, when the bits are in the expanded position, as shown in Fig. 1, the impact of the bits strikin when in use, is evenly distributed overal portions of the shoulders 32 of the mandrel, and the wings or projections on the inner faces of the upper the bits bearing'. against each other and the inner faces of the Ashoulders or abutments 17 19 bearing against each other form, in effect, a solid extension of the mandrel, thus providing great strength to withstand the im act o underreaming. It is thus seen that t e shoulders 17 19 perform two functions: First, they form the means rovide' for the contraction or co apsing of t e bits, and, second, provide bearin surfaces, so -that the bits bear against eac other in un derreaming.

The outer surfaces of the bits 8 and 13 are .provided with a slanting abutment 23, adaptthe bits,

holds the bits in the is their lexpanded or to cause the collapse of The sp .5 normali working position As shown in Fig. 6, the faces 17' 2() and the 13 are vin' contact.

When the underreamer is drawn up into rst come in contact with the end of the casing, drawing down the spring-actuated rod and permitting the jaw 13 to assume the position of Fig. 3, the abutments 9 of the bit 13 having passed .below the abutment 17 of the bit 8. When the underreamer is drawn u in the casing sufiiciently to bring the shou der 23 ofthe bit 8 into contact wlth the wellcasing, the bit 8 is tilted into the position of Fig. 3. When the underreamer has been inserted in the. casing in usual manner and lowered through the casing and below the same in the well-hole to underream therein,

the spring-actuated rod 6 draws up the bit 13, bringing the abutment 19 thereof up along the abutment 17 of the bit 8, and the contacting surfaces of these abutments cause the bits to expand as the bit 13 is drawn to its upper or expanded position.

By thus pivoting one jaw of the underreamer in t e slotted portion of the underreamer and holding the same against longitudinal movement relative to the mandrel and tiltingly mountin the other bit or jaw on the spring-actuate rod, `I am enabled to do away wlth the necessity of roviding means at the end of the mandrel or tilting the bits and at the same time to provide greater freedom of action in the expansion and collapsing of the bits, as well as securing greater strength and durability. By thus ivoting one bit or jaw on the mandrel by a ed pivot which is immovable with respect to the mandrel I am enabled to do away with all links and other direct connections between the bits and provide for the longi- ICO.

tudinal movement of the second bit or 'aw moving the bits to expanded position, t us obvlatlng the use of connections and small partsliable to break under the heavy strains andv impact of underreaming. A further advantage lies in the fact that with this construction, even if the wing 11 of the spring actuated rod should break, neither of the bits will be lost in the hole, as the pivoted bit y8 will retain the bit 13 in the slotted portion of the mandrel.

Having thus describedl my invention, I

claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. A n underreamer characterized by a mandrel, a reaming bit or jaw pivoted in the lower end thereof and held from longitudinal movement with respect to the mandrel and a second reamin bit or jaw tiltingly and spring-actuate y mounted in said mandrel to move longitudinally with respect to said mandrel and first-named jaw, the inner faces of .said jaws provided with contacting surfaces for expanding said jaws.

g2, ,An underreamer characterized by a mandrel, a `reaming bit or 'aw ivoted at lthel lower end .of said mandrei and) held against longitudinal movement with respect to the mandrel, a spring-actuated rod slidable in said mandrel, and a second reaming bit or jaw tiltingly mounted on said spring-actuated rod and adapted to lon tudlnal movement with respect to said 1st-named jaw, the inner surfaces of said jaws contacting during the movement of said second jaw to expand said jaws.

3. An underreamer comprising a mandrel, a spring-actuated rod slidable longitudinally of said mandrel, a reaming bit or jaw tiltingly mounted on said spring-actuated rod and a second reaming bit or jaw pivoted on said mandrel,said bits or jaws provided with inner shouldersor surfaces ada ted to contact to cause said jaws to ex an when in one position, and to permit sai jaws to collapse when in another position.

4. An underreamer comprising a mandrel, a spring-actuated rod slidable longitudinally in said mandrel, a raming bit or jaw tilt-y lngly mounted on said spring-actuated rodv and a second reaming bit or jaw pivoted on said mandrel, said bits or jaws provided with inner shoulders or surfaces adapted to contact to cause said jaws to ex and when in one position and to permit sai jaws to collapse when in another position, said bits provided with shoulders for Contactin with the end of the mandrel when in expanded. position.

5. A n underreamer comprismg a mandrelV having a hollow slotted extension, a springactuated rod slidable longitudinally in said mandrel, a reaming bit or jaw tiltingly mounted on said lspring-actuated rod and adapted to project through one side of the slot of said mandrel, and a second reaming bit or jaw pivoted on said mandrel and projecting through the other'side of said slot, said bitsjor jaws provided with inner shouiders or surfaces adapted to contact to cause said bits to expand and provided with shoulders adapted to contact with shoulders at the mouths of said slot.

6. An underreamer having a mandrel, a transversely-pivoted longitudinally-immovable jaw projecting from the bottom of said i mandrel, a longitudinally-moving and transversely-pivoted jaw projecting from the bottom of said mandrel,l and means for automatically moving said second jaw to cause said jaws to expand, said jaws provided with inner surfaces which bear a ainst each other when the jaws are expande 7. An underreamer having a transverselypivoted jaw anda longitudinally-moving and transversely-pivoted jaw, means for automatically moving said secondjaw to cause said jaws to contact and thereby expand,

` said underreamer'provided with inwardlyinclined abutmentsagainst which the ends of said jaws bear when lnexpanded position.

. 8. An underreamer having a mandrel, a transversely-pivoted longitudinally-immovable jaw projecting from the bottom of said mandrel, a longitudinally-moving and transsaid jawsvprovided with inner surfacesy for contacting with each other to cause the jaws to expand and bearing a ainst each other when the jaws are ex an ed, said mandrel provided with inwardFy-inclined abutments against which the ends of said jaws bear when in expanded position.

9. An underreamer having a mandrel, a reaming bit or jaw pivoted at the lower end of said mandrel and held against longitudinal movement with respect to said mandrel,'a spring-actuated rod slidable in said mandrel, a second reaming bit or jaw tiltingly mounted on said spring-actuated rod and adapted to longitudinal movement with res ect to said first-named jaw, the inner s aces of said jaws contacting during the movement of said second jaw to expand the jaws, portions of the inner surfaces of said jaws bearing against each other when the jaws are expanded, said jaws being provided with shoulger for contacting with the ends of said man- 10. An underreamer comprising a mandrel having a slotted portion having shoulders at the sides of the mouths of the slots, a jaw transversely pivoted in and longitudinally immovable with respect to said mandrel, a f

1 l. An underreamer comprising a mandrel IOO having a slotted lower portlon having shoulders at the inner edges of the mouths of said slots, a jaw-transversely'pivoted in and longitudinally immovable with respect to said mandrel, a longitudinally-moving jaw, and means formoving said second jaw to cause said jaws to expand, said mandrel having inwardly-inclined abutments against which the jaws bear when in expanded position and saidjaws having shoulders for contacting with the first-named shoulders.

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12. An underreamer havin a mandrel, a i

transversely-pivoted longitu inally-immovable jaw projecting from the bottom of said` mandrel, a lon 'tudinally-moving and transversely-pivote jaw projecting from the bottom of said mandrel, means for automatically moving -said jaws to cause said jaws to expand and contract, said jaws provided with shoulders for abutting against the end of the mandrel when said jaws are expanded.

13. An underreamer having a mandrel provided with depending portions, a transversely-pivoted jaw and a longitudinallymoving and transversely-pivoted jaw, saidjaws being free of connections with each other, means for automatically moving said second jaw to cause said jaws to expand, and

provided, with depending` shoulders on thel sides oisaid jawsforabut-eting against said depending-portions of said.v

movable j aw., lsaid: jaws provided with-shoul ders or abutments ontherv inner faces,` one of said jaws4 provided with a' socket above such shoulder orabutment; into which the` shoulder cfr-the other jawprojects whenthea jawscontraot. or collapse, and meansfor auftomatically moving said second jaw to ex-l pandsaidjaws.

16. underreamel; havin amandreh-` ai transversely-movable longitu ally-immov-- able jaw., a .longitudinallyrand transverselymovable jaw, saidjaws provided with shoul, ders or abutments ontheir-innerfaces, .one of saidjaws provided witha socket above such,

shoulder into whichsocket; the shoulder-of`- the otherj aw 'projectswhen the jaws contract or collapse, and means for automatically movingsaid second jaw. -to ex and said jaws,

said` mandrel provided wit longitudinal shoulders and-said yj aws provided with longief' tudinal shouldersabuttingthereagainstwhen said j aws are expanded.

17. An underreamerfhavin a mandrel, a tranSversely-mevable longitu allyfimmov-A able-j aw alongitudinally and K transversel 5 movable-jaw',- said jaws rovided with shoulders or -abutments--ont eir inner faces, one.

off-*said jawsprovided with a; socketf` into which the shoulder of the otherjawproj ects.

when the jaws. contract or, colla e, and

lmeans -forautomatically moving said second jawto. expandzsaid 'ja-ws, said jaws provided.

with longitudinal shoulders; andwithhori-` zontal shoulders,.said mandrel provided with longitudinal shoulders; and with4 depending.

,orti ons against :Whichrespectivelysaid j awt ongitudinal and horizontal shoulders abut when ,said :j aws. are expandedfV 18. An, underreamer-- having a, 'mandrel open at yits lower` end, aj awpivoted upon and in said :A mandrel and projecting; triomf. the( lower end thereoi,Y a; springt-operated longitu A dinallyvmoving- :jaw-carried in ,said :mandrel-- andsprejectingffrom fthe lowerfendithaereof, Seide` ,its/"contactingnponfthemevementot said second jaw .teexpanded,positionsf to-ex pand the bits,.saidpivoted java-havingmeans-P coactingwith saidsecondf j awfand. preventingsaid secondj aw passing out said mandrel.

19; Any underreamer having, a. mandrel-l provided with4 a hollow slotted-extension at' itsflowerrend, the end=of.said\extension being?- open, a jaw pivoted within saidfmandrel-,and projectin from thelower end-thereof, a longitudinalg-moving, jaw tiltingly supported.l within'said:mandreLmeans-forautomatically moving said secondv j aw!4 to expand said. j aws, said pivoted jaw havingmeans coacting with.- saidsecond. jaw.- and preventing: saidsecondjaw passing fout the -enidof said-hollow exten-- sion, saidhollow. extension provided Withrlon gitudinally extendin shoulders, and; said'- jaws extending latera y throughsthe sidesof."`

said yslotted extension, and -provided .with longitudinal shoulders contacting-.withsaid-rst--- named longitudinal shoulders .when the'- bits" are in expanded position 20. An underreamer having` a-..1nandrel', af jaw-pivotedon saidmandrel,- a secondrjavm, Iand, automatic means; whereon said secondjaw is pivotally carried for; normally, holding-i 4saidsecondjaw-in-raised or expanded -,osi-l tion, said jaws-free from each other. an lleze-,- l panding, upon the upward movement of. said. vsecond jaw.

21. An underreamer having.a.mandrel; a

javv` pivotedonsaid mandrel, alsecond jaw# slidinglongitudinally of.said mandrel,- automatic means whereonffsaidf'second jawI isstilt,`l "ingly mounted, said jaws free of each otherand normally g operating said second 4j aw.

held expanded'by said'lmeans 22. An underreamer characterized by ai mandrel, a reaming bitorj aw pivoted on said .mandrel and held from longitudinal move'-V ment with res ectrtheretov and asecond jaw free from sai spring-actuatedly., mounted in .said mandrel to move longitudinally withrespeet tov saidmandrel andzrstmamedjaw, said jaws expandingduring said movement.

23,.,An underreamer characterized. by a mandrel, a reamingbit .or vj awpivoted on said mandrel and lproj ectingA a the lowerI end thereof andheld fromflongitudinal move.- ment with respect theretoand pivotall movf abletransverselythereof, and asecon reaming bit tiltingly and springf-actuatedlymou-nt ed Within said mandrelto move longitudill nallywith .respect :to the mandreland firstnamed jaw, said jaws expanding during-said movement.

n 24,. An underreamerxhavingea mandrel, a..

jaw transverselyn pivoted gon. said mandrel,`

and alongitudinallyfmovin and transversely,

pivoted jaw; and means onautomatical-I moving saidsecond jaw causmgtsaid .j aws to expan position.:

25. ,An underreamer liavingahollow'm rst jaw; and tiltinglyl and IOO IOS

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said jaws abutting. against each otherwithin. said mandrel iin-expanded drel, atransversely-pivotedvjaw, alongitudi? my hand,v 'at Los Angeles, California, this nally-moving and transversely-pivoted jaw,V 111th day of March, I,1905. and automatic means for moving said second jaw to cause said jaws to expand, the inner EDWARD DOUBLE 5 surfacgs'of said jaws bearing against each Inpresenee ofother 111 expanded position. Y W. S. BOYD,

En testimony whereof haveY hereunto set JOSEPH STBEETON. 

